This chapter discusses the characteristics, taxonomy, distribution, abundance, and ecology of the leopard seal or hydrurga leptonyx. It is well known for using its enlarged canines for grip. An adult leopard seal hydrurga leptonyx near elephant rocks, antarctica, consuming a small portion. Occurrence of vagrant leopard seals, hydrurga leptonyx, along the south african coast katja vinding1,2,3, michael christiansen3, greg j.
Serum proteins in the leopard seal, hydrurga leptonyx, in. Hydrurga leptonyx pdf learn more about the leopard seal with amazing leopard seal videos, photos and facts on arkive. An acoustic technique for determining diurnal activities in leopard hydrurgu hourly variations in the rate of underwater vocalizations produced by leopard hydrurga leptonyx and crabeater seals lobodon carcinophagus were compared with counts of these seals on ice floes. It feeds on a wide range of prey including cephalopods, other pinnipeds, krill, birds a. It was made available to the university of texas highresolution xray ct facility for scanning by dr. Wildscreens arkive project was launched in 2003 and grew to become the worlds biggest encyclopaedia of life on earth.
It is most common in the southern hemisphere along the coast of antarctica and on most subantarctic islands, but can also be found on the coasts of southern australia, tasmania, south africa, new zealand, lord howe island, tierra del fuego, the cook islands, and the. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Novel foraging strategies observed in a growing leopard. Winter access to this region is even more problematic. The text of this page is licensed under the creative commons attributionnoncommercial license version 3. Read on the laryngeal skeletons ok the leopard seal, hydrurga leptonyx, and the ross seal, ommatophoca rossi, mammalia international journal of the systematics, biology and ecology of mammals on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. The leopard seal is easily recognized by its very reptilian head. For example, the killer whale orcinus orca feeds on large prey including other whales and seals, the leopard seal hydrurga leptonyx feeds on a mixture of vertebrates, fish and zooplankton. Leopard seals hydrurga leptonyx are predominately found in the circumpolar.
Although small numbers can be found just beyond the pack ice on the nearby subantarctic islands yearround, there is greater dispersal into this area during the winter months. Winter dispersal of leopard seals hydrurga leptonyx. Hydrurga leptonyx, of the antarctic ocean leptonychotes weddellii, of the antarctic. Leopard seals hydrurga leptonyx are a conspicuous yet cryptic component of antarctic coastal ecosystems. Mammal species of the world a taxonomic and geographic reference. The hunting behaviour of leopard seals hydrurga leptonyx was monitored opportunistically at seal island, south shetland islands, during the austral summers from 198687 to 199495. They can directly reduce antarctic fur seal arctocephalus gazella population abundance through predation of pups 5, 6.
The dynamics of leopard seal hydrurga leptonyx abundance and residency were investigated both within and between years at bird island, south georgia, using observations of tagged and untagged individuals. Leopard seals hydrurga leptonyx are large, abundant, top predators with a circumantarctic distribution. Pdf leopard seals hydrurga leptonyx are unusual among apex predators in that they feed at both. Media in category hydrurga leptonyxthe following 102 files are in this category, out of 102 total. The leopard seal hydrurga leptonyx, also referred to as the sea leopard, is the second largest species of. The plymouth student scientist, 20, 6, 2, 368377 371 and distress in captive animals. This specimen, a male, was collected in melchior harbor, antarctica. Spatial patterns in activity of leopard seals hydrurga leptonyx in. This is an ideal choice for the commercial food and beverage industry. Food caching by a marine apex predator, the leopard seal hydrurga leptonyx douglas j. Their nostrils are located high on their snouts, and they do not have a. An acoustic technique for determining diurnal activities. Leopard seals hydrurga leptonyx use suction and filter. Diving physiology and winter foraging behavior of a.
The principal bile salt, myxinol disulphate, of two hagfish species, eptatretus stoutii and myxine glutinosa, has been shown by chemical methods and by opticalrotatory and massspectral considerations to be probably the c3,27disulphate ester of. Leopard seals, hydrurga leptonyx iucn red list status. Antibodies, proteins, immunoassay kits coming soon teaching kits coming soon collect the inoculum from the surface of each selected colony using a sterile wire and introduce the inoculum in a tube or bottle that contains the brainheart infusion. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Hydrurga leptonyx wikispecies, free species directory. Leopard seals hydrurga leptonyx are important com ponents of the. The hydrurga rocks coordinates are a group of rocks lying east of two hummock island, in the palmer archipelago,they were photographed by the falkland islands and dependencies aerial survey expedition, 195557, and were named by the uk antarctic placenames committee in 1960 after hydrurga leptonyx, the leopard seal references. Solarwinds recently acquired vividcortex, a top saasdelivered solution for cloud andor onpremises environments, supporting postgresql, mongodb, amazon aurora, redis, and mysql. Cystophora cristata and leopard hydrurga leptonyx seals. Seasonal movements of leopard seals have been correlated with seasonal changes in the distribution of sea ice with seals moving north as. The leopard seal is an unusual mammalian predator in that it takes very largebodied prey for an animal of its body size, as well as being a filterfeeding planktivore.
Hunting and social behaviour of leopard seals hydrurga. The generic name, hydrurga, refers to a water driven lifestyle. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license, and they may or may not be available for reuse. The presentation of the authors names and or special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript. Comparative pathology of nocardiosis in marine mammals. Satellite data relay tags using the argos satellite system can remotely transmit data collected by archival loggers, negating the need to retrieve devices. Ginklasipika han iucn an species komo diri gud kababarakan. Antarctic leopard seals hydrurga leptonyx blainville 1820 are known for. Bester2 1dyer island conservation trust, kleinbaai, western cape, south africa 2 mammal research institute, department of zoology and entomology, university of pretoria, private bag x20. Wayne reid, formerly trainer at marineland of new zealand, napier nz present adress. Plankton is the collective name given to the assemblage of free swimming or suspended microscopic organisms considered too small to move independently of ocean currents. Pdf on jan 1, 2015, luis a huckstadt and others published hydrurga leptonyx, leopard seal find, read and cite all the research you need.
Yet because of their distribution in the heavy pack ice and the harsh environment of the antarctic, access to these animals can be limited and research at times can be impossible. The leopard seals scientific name is hydrurga leptonyx. As such, their use has the potential to address current gaps in the literature with regards to the use of accelerometers. The specimen was scanned by matthew colbert on 17 july 2009 along the horizontal axis for a total of 381 slices. Links to pubmed are also available for selected references. Leopard seal simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Pdf leopard seals hydrurga leptonyx use suction and. This is thought to be achieved with their unusual dentition.
Polar and subpolar species such as the polar bear ursus maritimus, arctic fox vulpes lagopus, leopard seal hydrurga leptonyx, macaroni penguin eudyptes chrysolophus and arctic tern sterna paradisaea are maintained in captivity all over the world isis, in temperatures far higher than in. Leopard seals are a large sexually dimorphic species. The leopard seal, hydrurga leptonyx, is a large, sexually dimorphic species, in which females are larger than males. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1. Get full visibility with a solution crossplatform teams including development, devops, and dbas can use.
Their population has been estimated at 300,000 erickson and hanson 1990 and that figure may be negatively biased southwell et al. A taxonomic species within the family phocidae the leopard seal. The leopard seal hydrurga leptonyx is the second largest species of seal in the antarctic after the southern elephant seal. Although they are widely distributed around the antarctic laws 1984, rogers 2009, they are not well studied. With the help of over 7,000 of the worlds best wildlife filmmakers and photographers, conservationists and scientists, featured multimedia factfiles for more than 16,000 endangered species. It preys on penguins, but will also eat krill, fish, squid, a variety of seabirds, and juvenile seals, and will also occasionally scavenge from carcasses of whales. Hydrurga leptonyx leopard seal animal diversity web. The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The leopard seal hydrurga leptonyx, has two disparate feeding modes hocking et al. Occurrence of vagrant leopard seals, hydrurga leptonyx.
An hydrurga leptonyx in nahilalakip ha genus nga hydrurga, ngan familia nga phocidae. The foraging behavior of apex predators can alter marine coastal ecosystems through direct and indirect pathways of predation. Large animals that are able to disperse under their own power are called nekton. Any of several species of spotted seals, all in family phocidae. The leopard seal hydrurga leptonyx, also referred to as the sea leopard, is the second largest species of seal in the antarctic after the southern elephant seal.
Van valkenburgh and by a national science foundation digital libraries initiative grant to dr. Leopard seals used several methods to catch antarctic fur seal pups arctocephalus gazella and chinstrap penguins pygoscelis antarctica, and individuals showed different hunting styles and hunting success. The leopard seal hydrurga leptonyx, also referred to as the sea leopard, is the second largest. Nine cases of nocardiosis in free ranging pinnipeds and 10 cases of nocardiosis in cetaceans were evaluated. Breeding patterns are difficult to monitor on the moving pack. The foraging ecology, diet, and mass estimation of an apex predator, the leopard seal hydrurga leptonyx, at livingston island, antarctic peninsula. The foraging ecology, diet, and mass estimation of an apex. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. The leopard seal is widely distributed in antarctic and subantarctic waters of the southern hemisphere, and its name originates from the black spots seen on the throat.
It feeds on a wide range of prey including cephalopods, other pinnipeds, krill, birds and fish. Seals belonged to an open population, and were sampled outside the breeding season and during their northward winter dispersal apriloctober. An extreme wandering leopard seal, hydrurga leptonyx, at. Leopard seals hydrurga leptonyx are predominately found in the circumpolar region of the antarctic pack ice. Bottomfeeding gray whales feed in shallow icefree waters, piscivorous. Leopard seals hydrurga leptonyx are a conspicuous yet cryptic. Serum proteins in the leopard seal, hydrurga leptonyx, in prydz bay, eastern antarctica and the coast of nsw, australia.